六、Argument典型逻辑错误
1. 调查类逻辑错误
抽样的程序是否具有随机性
样品是否足够大
Example 1:
The following appeared as part of an article in a trade magazine for
breweries.
“Magic Hat Brewery recently released the results of a survey of visitors
to its tasting room last year. Magic Hat reports that the majority of
visitors asked to taste its low-calorie beers. To boost sales, other small
breweries should brew low-calorie beers as well.”
Example 2:
The following appeared in a memorandum from a member of a financial
management and consulting firm.
“We have learned from an employee of Witful Ltd. that is accounting
department by checking about 10% of the last month purchasing invoices for
errors any inconsistencies saved the company some $10,000 in over-payments.
In order to help our clients increase the net gains, we should advise each
of them to institute a policy of checking all purchasing invoices for
errors. Such recommendation could also help us get the Witful account by
demonstrating to Witful the regressness of our methods."
A. The source of the news is not dependable.
B. The sample cannot reflect the general condition.
2. 错误类比
Example:
The following appeared in a memorandum from the owner of Carlo's Clothing
to the staff.
"Since Disc Depot, the music store on the next block, began a new radio
advertising campaign last year, its business has grown dramatically, as
evidenced by the large increase in foot traffic into the store. While the
Disc Depot's owners have apparently become wealthy enough to retire,